Boreholes to Nowhere: Zimbabwe’s Growing Water Crisis

By Bigboy Madzivanzira

Zimbabwe is facing a growing water crisis, with groundwater levels dwindling at an alarming rate. The country’s reliance on boreholes for safe water has become a double-edged sword, as the increasing number of boreholes being drilled is putting a strain on the already limited groundwater resources.

The Current State

Groundwater has become the main water source for 38% of Zimbabweans, with Harare being particularly dependent on boreholes. Around 80% of Harare’s residents rely on boreholes for their water needs. However, the rapid increase in borehole drilling has led to concerns about the sustainability of this water source.

Causes and Consequences

The causes of groundwater depletion in Zimbabwe are multifaceted. Over-extraction of groundwater, drought, and climate change are all contributing factors. The consequences of inaction will be severe, with reduced water availability, food insecurity, and health concerns becoming increasingly likely.

Impact on Communities

The drying up of boreholes has a significant impact on communities, particularly in rural areas. Reduced water availability affects daily life, agriculture, and livestock, leading to food insecurity and health concerns. In urban areas, the impact is also felt, with many residents struggling to access clean water.

As Susan Zuze of Glendale in Mazowe District said, “I have decided to close my five-meter dug pit because there is no trace of water.” This statement highlights the frustration and desperation faced by many communities in Zimbabwe.

Rural-to-Urban Migration and Water Demand

Rural-to-urban migration has led to increased water demand in cities, further straining already limited water resources. Cities experience higher per capita water consumption due to better infrastructure access and different lifestyle patterns. This increased demand puts additional pressure on groundwater resources, exacerbating the water crisis.

Collaborative Approach to Borehole Drilling

Households in Zimbabwean suburbs are adopting a collaborative approach to access clean water by drilling one borehole per section and installing taps, rather than individual boreholes. This approach can help reduce costs and improve sustainability.

Health Concerns

The siting of boreholes in relation to sewage systems is a major health concern. Sewage bursts, like the one at Isheanesu Multiple Purpose Centre for children with disabilities, pose significant risks to water quality and public health. Jordan Kambarami, Director of the centre, stated, “I had no option but to close the centre for children’s safety after a sewage burst.”

Regulations Governing Borehole Drilling

Before drilling, it’s essential to comply with regulations set by the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA). Key requirements include:
– Authority to Drill: Obtain a permit from ZINWA before commencing drilling operations
– Registration: Register boreholes with ZINWA or the nearest catchment council office
– Compliance: Adhere to local regulations and guidelines for sustainable water use

Potential Solutions

To address the groundwater depletion issue, Zimbabwe needs to adopt sustainable water management practices. This includes:
– Water Conservation: Promoting water-saving practices, such as efficient irrigation systems and rainwater harvesting
– Alternative Water Sources: Exploring alternative water sources, like surface water or rainwater harvesting, to reduce dependence on groundwater
– Borehole Maintenance: Regular maintenance, including flushing and desilting, can help extend the life of boreholes

Borehole Drilling Companies in Zimbabwe

Some reputable borehole drilling companies in Zimbabwe include

– Rockwell Borehole Drilling: Offers borehole drilling services in Harare, Zimbabwe, with over 30 years of experience
– Nakiso Borehole Drilling: Provides customized borehole drilling solutions for domestic and agricultural use
– ProWater Solutions: Offers borehole drilling, installation, and repair services
– Borehole Experts Zimbabwe: Specializes in borehole drilling, pump installation, and maintenance
– Blue Water Systems: Provides borehole drilling and installation services with a focus on excellence and safety

Conclusion

Zimbabwe’s groundwater crisis is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. By adopting sustainable water management practices and exploring alternative water sources, we can mitigate the impact of groundwater depletion and ensure a safer, more secure water future for all Zimbabweans.

About the Author

Bigboy Madzivanzira is a registered Health Promotion Practitioner with the Allied Health Professions Council, a Medical Rehabilitation Practitioner registered with the Medical Rehabilitation Practitioners Council, and a Freelance Journalist accredited with the Zimbabwe Media Commission. He can be contacted on 0773367913 or healthpromotionclinic@gmail.com.